Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Overview

Carpal tunnel syndrome defines weakness and pain in the wrist, hands or fingers. The carpal tunnel is a literal passageway that extends from the base of the palm and into the wrist. This tunnel serves as protection for nine tendons in the hand, as well as nerves. Overuse or repetitive use may lead to swelling that increases pressure of surrounding tissues against the nerves.

Causes

• Repetitive movement - such as daily typing or computer keyboarding
• Working a cash register
• Repetitive finger movement/s - such as assembly line work
• Stretched and/or swollen ligaments and tendons in the wrist caused by overuse

Symptoms

• Numbness or tingling in the fingers or hand - most often experienced in the thumb and all fingers expect the pinkie finger
• Burning sensation in the hand or wrist
• Weakness of the thumb
• Finger and hand grip weakness
• Pain

Diagnosis

Diagnosis for carpal tunnel is performed through:

• Physical examination
• Nerve conduction study
• Electromyogram

Treatment

Non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel is the first step toward relieve of pain and strengthening the wrist joint. Common therapies for relief include:

• RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
• Hand splint or brace
• Proper ergonomic posture and placement regarding height of keyboards
• NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve
• Cortisol injections

Some individuals may find that gentle stretching exercises such as yoga may help enhance joint health and strength. Occupational hand therapy performed by a trained occupational or physical therapist may also provide relief.

Surgery

Surgery such as carpal tunnel release may be recommended if non-surgical or alternative therapies and treatments fail to provide relief. Depending on your condition, your doctor may suggest endoscopic or minimally invasive surgery or open surgery, which involves a larger incision at the base of the wrist. Both release or cut the ligament, relieving pressure against the affected nerve.